Potomitan

Site de promotion des cultures et des langues créoles
Annou voyé kreyòl douvan douvan

Kesyonnen Kilti Ayisyen
pou aprann plis de li

Questioning Haitian Culture
to learn more about it

© Emmanuel W. VEDRINE

Otòn 2010 : Fall 2010
(Edisyon 5-9-2011 : Updated 9-5-2011)

Pêche

Pêche à la senne de groupe. Photo Frédéric Gircour.

Youn nan fason nou kapab aprann de yon kilti ke nou pa konnen, se ta poze yon seri kesyon sou sa nou pa konnen e sou sa nou ta renmen konnen, fè yon seri entèvyou ak natif oubyen moun ki manm kilti sa a. Si l posib, nou ka vwayaye nan peyi kilti sa a pou n obsève epi rapòte.

 

One of the ways in which we can learn about a culture that we don’t know about, would be to ask questions about what we don’t know and about what we would like to know, conducting interviews with natives or people who are members of that culture. If it is possible, we can travel to the country of this culture in order to observe and report.

Pafwa menm kan nou ta manm yon kilti an patikilye oubyen leve ladan l, nou pa ka fin afime ke nou ta reyèlman konnen tout bagay, tout lanvè landrèt li, e jan bagay yo fèt. Men ak yon metòd pou n kesyone, e ankete sou li tank nou kapab, sa pral ede n fè anpil dekouvèt pou anrichi konesans nou plis.

 

Sometimes, even if we would be members of this particular culture or if we were raised in it, we can’t affirm that we would know everything, the in and out of it, and how things are done. But with a questioning method and investigating on it as much as we can, that will help make many discoveries to enrich our knowledge more.

Lè n ap pale de kilti yon pèp, imedyatman youn nan engredyen pèp sa a gen an komen, se «lang». Donk, nou menm k ap anseye yon lang etranje, ki ka pwòp lang nou pafwa (wè Kreyol Without Toil: an introductory course to Haitian Creole), nou gen responsablite tou pou pale yo de kilti moun ki pale lang sa a tou.   When talking about a people’s culture, immediately one of the ingredients this people have in common is “language”. So, for us who are teaching a foreign language, that can be our own language sometimes (see Kreyol Without Toil: an introductory course to Haitian Creole), we also have the responsibility to talk about the culture of the people who speak that language also.

Lè nou pale de «kilti nou», sètènman nou menm Ayisyen, nou pataje kèk bagay an komen, men sa pa vle di pou otan nou tout Ayisyen ta pataje tout bagay n ap jwenn nan kilti ayisyen. Rezon an ka gen pou wè avèk kwayans nou, nivo edikasyon nou, milye kote n ap viv, e klas sosyal nou apateni. Men an gwo, nou tout gen yon sèl drapo, nou tout gen yon lang an komen nou pale (byenke nan kèk peyi kouwè Ayiti, n ap jwenn yon lòt lang sou teren an ki pa lang natif natal Ayisyen). Men, sa ki enpòtan pou nou (konsènan koze lang lan) se fason nou ka itilize de (2) lang yo (fransè ak kreyòl) sou teren an, e fason nou kapab itilize lang an jeneral nan sosyete a. Lang se yon mwayen kominikasyon; se yon zouti ki pèmèt nou kominike youn ak lòt. E n ap gade kijan zouti sa a enpòtan pou nou jodiya atravè entènèt la, kote nou vin gen zanmi /bon zanmi ke nou pa janm rankontre nan vi nou, moun nou pa janm wè foto yo. Nou di Bondye mèsi pou kokenn zouti sa a li ban nou pou n kominike long distans ak pitit li ki tout kote sou planèt latè.

 

When talking about “our culture”, certainly we, Haitians, share something in common, but it doesn’t mean that all Haitians would share everything we’d find in the Haitian culture. The reason might have to do with our belief, our level of education, the surrounding where we are living and the social class we belong to. But in all, we all have one flag; we all have a common language we speak (though in some countries like Haiti, we’ll find another language that is not native to the people). But what’s it more important for us (concerning language issue) is the way we can use the two languages (French and Creole) on the ground, and the way we can use them in general in society. Language is a means of communication; it’s a tool that allows us to communicate with one another. And we are looking at how important this tool is for us today through the internet, where we make friends /good friends that we never met in our life, people whose pictures we never see. We thank God for this great tool He gives us to communicate long distance with his children everywhere on planet earth.

Imedyatman nou mansyone mo «kilti», nou kapab enimere (ou fè yon lis) yon seri engredyan ki konpozan l. Pami yo, nou ka mansyone:
  Immediately we mention the word “culture”, we can make a list of ingredients that form it. Among them, we can mention:
 
1.Blag (bay blag).   1.Jokes (telling jokes)
2.Devinèt bay devinèt. (wè: Di yon vèb tire yon kont: Say a verb I will tell you a riddle in Haitian Creole, 2nd. ed. 2006. 125p. (pa Emmanuel W. Védrine). Publisher: EDUCA VISION.   2.Riddles (see Di yon vèb tire yon kont : Say a verb, I will tell you a riddle in Haitian Creole 2nd. ed. 2006. 125p. (by Emmanuel W. Védrine). Publisher: EDUCA VISION.
3.Ede youn lòt (san nou youn pa bezwen konn lòt. Egzanp: machin ou pran pàn; w ap pouse l, epi moun ki pa menm konnen w, vin ede w pouse l. Si yon moun gen yon pwoblèm nan lari, ou pa jis pase kote l epi ou mache pòs ou. Ou dwe jwe wòl bon «bon Samariten»).   3.Helping one another (without knowing one another. Example: your car breaks down; you are pushing it, and people who don’t even know you come and help you pushing it. If a person has a problem on the street, you don’t just walk by this person. You should play the role of a “good Samaritan”).
4.Fason (kijan) moun abiye (pou yon evennman an patikilye, kote yo prale)   4.The way people dress (for a particular event, where they are going)
5.Fason pou apwoche moun (Egzanp, ou estope yon moun nan lari pou mande l enfòmasyon, èske ou dwe salye moun nan dabò? Ou rankontre ak yon moun nan chemen an pwovens, pa egzanp, èske ou dwe salye moun sa a? Kilès ki dwe salye lòt avan selon laj?)   5.The way to approach people (Example, you stop someone in the street to ask for information, should you great the person first? You meet someone on the road in the countryside, for instance, should you greet that person? Who should greet the other first according to age?)
6.Fason moun konpòte yo (selon kote yo ye, ak kilès yo ye, ak kilès y ap pale, sa pou di e sa pou pa di)   6.The way people behave (according to where they are, with who they are, with whom they are talking, what to say and not to say).
7.File (Tyeke fi - Kijan ou apwoche yon fi ou renmen?); Kijan yon fi ka apwoche yon nèg (gason) li renmen ?)   7.Courting (Courting women - How do you approach a woman you like? How can a woman approach a man she likes?
8.Foklò (Tout sa nou ka enkli aba folklò ayisyen)   8.Folklore  (all that we can include in Haitian folklore)
9.Fyansay (Kijan sa fèt nan kapital la e nan pwovens?). Konbyen tan apre renmen koup la ka pran pou l fyanse? Kilès ladan yo ki mande lòt fyanse avan (gason ou fi a)? Eske nan fyansay la, yo tou pran dat maryaj? Eske paran koup la (lè 2 kote) reyini? Eske paran toude koup la dakò pou yo marye? E si yo pa dakò? Eske gen selebrasyon ki fèt pou fyansay la? Kilès yo envite? Eske yo pote kado?   9.Engagement (How does this work in the capital and in the countryside?). How long after dating can the couple get engaged? Which of the couple who asks to get engaged (the man or the woman?) During the engagement, do they decide on the wedding date? Do the parents (on both sides) of the couple meet (during engagement)? Do the parents of the couple (on both sides) agree on the marriage? And how about if they don’t agree? Do they have a celebration the day of the engagement? Who will be invited? Do they give gifts to the engaged couple?)
10.Kont (anpil kont Bouki ak (Ti) Malis (de frè), lòt istwa foklorik.   10.Folktales (many tales about Bouki and (Ti) Malis (two brothers), other popular tales.
11.Kòve («konbit» – Gwoup moun k ap travay ansanm [espesyalman nan agrikilti kote yon gwoup moun ap ede yon moun swa pou l plante ou rekòlte]. 2. travay riral ou kominal [espesyalman kote yo distribiye manje bay aprè]. Ki enpòtans sa genyen Ayiti?).   11.“Kòvè” or “konbit” (collective work [usually in agriculture where a group of people is helping a person either to plant or to harvest]. 2. rural or communal work [usually followed by distribution of food]. What’s the importance does that have in Haiti?
12.Kwyayans popilè (egzanp: sipètisyon (sipèstisyon).   12.Popular beliefs.(example: superstitions).
13.Im nasyonal peyi a («La Dessalinienne»). Eske tout moun dwe konnen l? Nan ki evennman yo chante l?).   13.The country’s national anthen (“La Dessalinienne”). Should everyone know it? During what event(s) do they sing it?.
14.Jou ferye yo (Kisa moun fè pandan jou sa yo? Ki enpòtans jou sa yo genyen pou yo?)   14.Holidays (What do people do during these days? What importance do these days have for them?)
15.Kanaval (Nan ki epòk yo fete l? Eske tout moun dwe degize? Eske tout moun patisipe ladan? Si tout moun pa patisipe, poukisa?)   15.Carnival (What time of the year do they celebrate it? Is everyone disguised? Does everyone participate in it? If everyone does not participate, why?)
16.Kilti lekòl (Relasyon elèv anvè kondisip yo; Relasyon Elèv-Anseyan (pwofesè lekòl); Poukisa elèv mete inifòm?; Ki enpòtans inifòm nan sosyete a?)   16.The school culture (Students’ relation vis-à-vis their classmates; Students-Teachers relations; Why do students have to wear uniforms?; What’s the importance of uniforms in this society?)
17.Konpòtman nou nan sosyete a (ak zanmi, ak moun nou konnen, e ak etranje)   17.Our behavior in the society (with friends, and people we know, strangers)
18.Lang (Kijan yo itilize 2 lang yo? (fransè ak kreyòl)? Nan ki sikonstans yo chwazi itilize yon lòt si l posib?   18.Language (How do they use the two languages (French and Creole)? In what circumstance would they choose to use one over the other?
19.Li yon Pwezi  (pandan yon selebrasyon espesyal). Poukisa?   19.Reading a poem (during a particular event). Why?
20.Manje moun manje (selon ki valè kòb yo genyen)   20.Food that people eat (according to how much money they have)
21.Maryaj (Depi kilè koup la rankontre avan yo deside marye? Eske gen bagay youn konn kache pou lòt epi sa vin dekouvri aprè maryaj? Eske koup la dwe gen menm relijyon /kwayans? Eske yon gason ou yon fi pral marye ak lòt si youn ta gen 5, 10, 15, 20 ane anplis? Eske li obligatwa pou moun marye nan kilti sa a? Eske se paran ki chwazi ak kilès pitit yo dwe marye? Eske se paran ki deside pou pitit yo marye? Eske koup la ka marye si chak pa soti nan menm klas sosyal? Eske sa konn koze pwoblèm? Eske se presyon lasosyete ki fè koup la marye? Eske se yon maryaj (ki baze sou) enterè oubyen youn ki baze sou lanmou sèlman? Si fi a tonbe ansent pandan li renmen, èske mennaj li oblije marye avè l? Eske si youn nan patnè yo gen pitit deja lòt patnè a pral dakò pou l marye? Eske youn reyèlman konn lòt (sou tout pwen) avan yo marye? Ki estrateji yo konnen deja pou gen siksè nan maryaj la? A ki laj moun marye nan kilti sa a? Ki wòl paran ka jwe nan maryaj la? Kilès nan koup la ki mande lòt maryaj (gason an oubyen fi a)? Konbyen pitit yo ka planifye genyen, e poukisa? Si aprè maryaj youn nan koup la pa ka fè pitit, èske sa pral kreye pwoblèm oubyen èske yo te antann yo sou sa depi avan maryaj? Se jis kèk kesyon enpòtan pou poze. Nou te kapab vin ak plis toujou ki an rapò ak tèm sa a.   21.Marriage (How long ago have the couple met before they decided to get married? Does one sometimes hide things from the other and what will happen if that is being discovered after marriage? Should the couple have the same religion or belief? Will a man or woman get married if one is 5, 10, 15, 20 years older? Is it mandatory for people to get married in this culture? Is it the parents who choose with whom their son or daughter should marry? Can the couple get married if they are not from the same social class? Can this create problems sometimes? Does the couple get married because of pressure from society? Is it a marriage based on interest or one that is based on love only? If the woman becomes pregnant while dating, is her boyfriend obliged to marry her? If one of the partners already has children, will the other agree to marry? Do they really know each other (in all sense) before getting married? What strategies have they already known in order to have success in the marriage? At what age do people get married in this culture? What role can parents play in the marriage? Which of the couple who asks for marriage (the man or the woman)? How many children do they plan to have and why? If after marriage one of the couple can’t have children, is this going to create any problem or have they agreed upon that before marriage? Just some important questions to be asked. We could have come with even more in relation to this theme.
22.Mòtalite (Vizite yon moun ki gen mòtalite nan fanmi li; Rad pou mete e ki koulè; Veye (an pwovens, nan kapital avèk aktivite espesyal); Pote dèy (poukisa? pou kilès? pou konbyen tan?).   22.Death (Visiting someone with a death in their family; Type of clothing and color to wear; The wake (in the countryside, in the capital and special activities); Going into mourning (why? for who? for how long?).
23.Move mès, movèz abitid (kisa nou ta konsidere ki ta move mès?).   23.Bad habit(s) (What do people consider as bad habit(s) in this culture?.
24.Obeyisans (nou montre anvè paran ou).   24.Obedience (show toward parents).
25.Ospitalite (Ayisyen trè koutwa nan ofri sa).   25.Hospitality (Haitian are very polite in offering it).
26.Plasay (plasay debou1; Koup k ap viv ansanm san yo pa marye; Èske sa kouran an pwovens, nan kapital la? Oubyen tou, sou ki lòt fòm plasay la ka parèt?).   26.Concubinage (Unmarried couples who are living together. Is this something common in the countryside, in the capital? Also, on what other form can plasay appear?)
27.Pwovèb (pale an pawoli, fason pale (yon nivo retorik); fason moun pale san ke yo pa bezwen di yon dal pawòl pou esprime yon panse, «pawòl granmoun», «pawòl sajès»).   27.Proverbs  (speaking in pawoli; a way of talking (a level of rhetoric); a way talking without using long phrase to express a thought; “pawòl granmoun” (elders’ talk); “pawòl sajès” (word of wisdom).
28.Pyesèt (ti pyès teyat). Nan ki tip aktivite yo ka genyen yo?   28.Sketch (short play) In what type of activities can they have them?
29.Relasyon seksyèl (Ak ki gwoup moun ou santi w pi alèz pou pale de relasyon seksyèl? Eske gen edikasyon seksyèl nan lekòl Ayiti? Eske gen ka «vyòl» pandan moun yo renmen? Eske gen pwogram radyo sou relasyon seksyèl? Eske ou aktif seksyèlman? Eske ou gen yon sèl patnè seksyèl? Eske ou timid pou pale de relaksyon seksyèl? Eske patnè yo toujou pwoteje tèt yo lè y ap fè sèks? (lè yo an kontak seksyèl, lè yo gen kontak seksyèl). Eske sèks ka mentni yon relasyon ant de patnè nan kilti sa a? Eske sèks se yon (sijè) tabou nan kilti sa a? (Eske se yon sijè yo pa pale ouvètman sou li)? Ki enpòtans sèks genyen nan kilti a? Ki enpòtans sèks genyen pou ou? Ki esperyans ou nan relasyon seksyèl? Ki konsèy ou pran nan men zanmi sou sa? Ki konsèy ou ka bay sou sa? Kilès nan patnè yo ki ta chofe plis sou sèks (pafwa)? Kisa ou fè pou bay pi bon rannman (ou pi bon pèfòmans seksyèl)? Kisa ou fè pou satisfè patnè ou? Sa k pase lè yon patnè pa ka satisfè lòt la? Eske gen akò ant de patnè yo sou sa?   29.Sexual relation (With what group of people do you feel more at ease to talk about sexual relation? Do they have sexual education programs in the Haitian schools? Are there “rape” cases while people are dating? Are there radio programs on sexual relation? Are you sexually active? Do you have only one sexual partner? Are you shy to talk about sexual relation? Do the partners always have safe sex? Can sex maintain a relationship between two partners in this culture? Is sex a taboo in this culture? (Is it a subject they don’t talk about openly) What’s the importance of sex in this culture? What importance does sex have for you? What’s your sexual experience? What advice have you taken from friends on that? What advice can you give on that? Which one of the partners who appear to be more heated (horny) about sex (sometimes)? What do you do to give better sexual performance (or to enhance your sexual performance)? What do you do to satisfy your sexual partner? What happen when a partner can’t satisfy the other? Is there any agreement between the two partners on that?
30.Relijyon (Kijan ou aji ak moun ki pa gen menm relijyon ou kwayans ak ou? Eske w ap fè zanmi ak yo ou pa? Eske w ap montre menm respè pou yo? Eske w gen menm nivo «konfyans» nan moun sa yo pou chita manje, bwè ak yo?   30.Religion (How do you act with people who may not have the same religion or belief with you? Are you making friends with them or not? Are you going to show the same respect for them? Do we have the same level of “confidence” in these people to sit down to eat, and drink with them?
31.Renmen (Kisa sa vle di lè de moun renmen? Kisa yo fè ansanm? Ki relasyon yo devlope? Poukisa yo renmen? Nan konbyen tan yo ka marye (si yo ta renmen marye)?   31.Dating (What does it mean when two people are dating? What relation do they develop? Why are they dating? When can they get married (if they want to)?
32.Respè pou granmoun (moun ki pi gran pase nou; respè pou paran nou e fason nou dwe pale ak yo).   32.Respect for adults, elders (people who are older than us; respect for our parents and the way we should talk to them).
33.Respè pou moun (Eske nou montre sa tout tan? Tout kote n ale ? Pou tout moun?).   33.Respect for people (Do we show it all the time? Everywhere we go? For everybody?).

34.Reveyon (Poukisa li enpòtan Ayiti? Kisa moun fè nan yon reveyon?). Eske tout moun nan kilti a selebre epòk sa a? Kisa moun fè nan yon «reveyon»?

  34.Chrismas and New Year’s Eve party (Why is it important in Haiti? Does everyone in the culture celebrate at this time? What do people do in a “reveyon”? .
35.Sa pou n , e sa pou m fa fè (selon kilti a). Sèten nòm pou suiv.   35.What to do and not to do (according to the culture). Certain norms to follow.
36.Salye drapo (monte drop/desann drapo). Ki enpòtans ak sivik sa a?   36.Saluting the flag (raising /lowering the flag). What’s the importance of this civic gesture?
37.Sipètisyon (Yon seri kwayans moun ki nan menm kilti a ka pataje an komen).   37.Superstitions (Some beliefs that people of the same culture may share).
38.Sivik  (Ann gade sa nou ka pran nan sivik pou enkli anba kilti).   38.Civics (Let’s look at what we can take from Civics to include under culture).
39.Tradisyon (ki pase de yon jenerasyon a lòt). Eske ou ka site kèk nan kilti ayisyen? Ki enpòtans yo genyen pou ou?   39.Traditions (that are being passed on from one generation to another). Can you name some in Haitian culture? What importance do they have for you?
40.Wòl fanm nan fwaye a.   40.Women’s role in the house.
41.Wòl gason nan fwaye a.   41.Man’s role in the house.
42.Wòl parenn, marenn yon timoun (responsablite l anvè fiyèl la si paran l pa la oubyen si yo pa ka ede timoun nan).   42.Role the godfather, godmother’s of a child  play (their responsibility toward the godchild if the parents are not there or if they can’t help the child).
  1. Plasay debou (relasyon visit kote 2 moun yo pa rete ansanm: visiting relationship where two people don’t live together).

boule

 Viré monté